Bearing
noun
Definition
Bearing is the horizontal angle between the direction of your vessel and true north or another object, vessel, or landmark on the navigation chart.
It’s measured clockwise from 0° at true north (or the bow of your boat) to the point or vessel of interest, using a bearing compass. Bearings are essential for determining your vessel’s heading, tracking your position, and avoiding collisions while underway.
Types of Bearing in Navigation
Heading
The direction your vessel’s bow is pointing, measured from 0° relative to true north.
True Bearing
The direction of an object is measured from true north. By taking two or more true bearings at once, a navigator can pinpoint the vessel’s exact position on a chart without GPS.
Relative Bearing
The direction of an object or vessel is measured from your current heading.
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If the relative bearing changes as another vessel gets closer, the collision risk is low.
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If the relative bearing stays the same while the distance decreases, you’re likely on a collision course.
Practical Use
Relative bearings of landmarks, beacons, and navigation aids are combined with nautical charts to confirm a vessel’s position. Correct navigation lights, red for port and green for starboard, also help mariners interpret bearing at night and maintain safe passage.
Example in a Sentence
“The pilot noticed another vessel holding a steady relative bearing of 120° while closing the distance, signaling a possible collision course.”
Synonyms
heading, orientation, direction